/*

  * Copyright 2005-2007 The Kuali Foundation

  * 

  * Licensed under the Educational Community License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  * You may obtain a copy of the License at

  * 

  * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/ecl2.php

  * 

  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  * limitations under the License.

  */

 package org.kuali.rice.krad.service.impl;

 import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;

 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

 import java.util.Arrays;

 import java.util.Collection;

 import java.util.IdentityHashMap;

 import java.util.Iterator;

 import java.util.LinkedList;

 import java.util.List;

 import java.util.Map;

 import java.util.Queue;

 import java.util.Set;

 import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;

 import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;

 import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;

 import org.kuali.rice.core.util.RiceKeyConstants;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.MutableInactivatable;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.PersistableBusinessObject;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.AttributeDefinition;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.CollectionDefinition;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.ComplexAttributeDefinition;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.DataDictionaryEntry;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.DataDictionaryEntryBase;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.DataObjectEntry;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.ReferenceDefinition;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.exception.AttributeValidationException;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.AttributeValueReader;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.ErrorLevel;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.SingleAttributeValueReader;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.capability.Constrainable;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.constraint.Constraint;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.constraint.provider.ConstraintProvider;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.processor.CollectionConstraintProcessor;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.processor.ConstraintProcessor;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.result.ConstraintValidationResult;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.result.DictionaryValidationResult;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.validation.result.ProcessorResult;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.document.Document;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.document.TransactionalDocument;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.exception.ObjectNotABusinessObjectRuntimeException;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.BusinessObjectService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DataDictionaryService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DocumentDictionaryService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.KRADServiceLocatorInternal;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.KRADServiceLocatorWeb;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.PersistenceService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.service.PersistenceStructureService;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.util.GlobalVariables;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.util.MessageMap;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.util.ObjectUtils;

 import org.kuali.rice.krad.workflow.service.WorkflowAttributePropertyResolutionService;

 /**

  * Validates Documents, Business Objects, and Attributes against the data dictionary. Including min, max lengths, and

  * validating expressions. This is the default, Kuali delivered implementation.

  *

  * KULRICE - 3355 Modified to prevent infinite looping (to maxDepth) scenario when a parent references a child which

  * references a parent

  *

  * @author Kuali Rice Team (rice.collab@kuali.org)

  */

 public class DictionaryValidationServiceImpl implements DictionaryValidationService {

     private static org.apache.log4j.Logger LOG =

             org.apache.log4j.Logger.getLogger(DictionaryValidationServiceImpl.class);

     /**

      * Constant defines a validation method for an attribute value.

      * <p>Value is "validate"

      */

     public static final String VALIDATE_METHOD = "validate";

     protected DataDictionaryService dataDictionaryService;

     protected BusinessObjectService businessObjectService;

     protected PersistenceService persistenceService;

     protected DocumentDictionaryService documentDictionaryService;

     protected WorkflowAttributePropertyResolutionService workflowAttributePropertyResolutionService;

     protected PersistenceStructureService persistenceStructureService;

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     private List<CollectionConstraintProcessor> collectionConstraintProcessors;

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     private List<ConstraintProvider> constraintProviders;

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     private List<ConstraintProcessor> elementConstraintProcessors;

     /**

      * creates a new IdentitySet.

      *

      * @return a new Set

      */

     private static Set<BusinessObject> newIdentitySet() {

         return java.util.Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<BusinessObject, Boolean>());

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object) {

         return validate(object, object.getClass().getName(), true);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object, boolean)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         return validate(object, object.getClass().getName(), doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object, java.lang.String)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, String entryName) {

         return validate(object, entryName, true);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object, java.lang.String,

      *      boolean)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, String entryName, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         return validate(object, entryName, (String) null, doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object, java.lang.String,

      *      java.lang.String)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, String entryName, String attributeName) {

         return validate(object, entryName, attributeName, true);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validate(java.lang.Object, java.lang.String,

      *      java.lang.String, boolean)

      */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, String entryName, String attributeName,

             boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         DataDictionaryEntry entry = getDataDictionaryService().getDataDictionary().getDictionaryObjectEntry(entryName);

         AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader = new DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader(object, entryName, entry);

         attributeValueReader.setAttributeName(attributeName);

         return validate(attributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(Object object, String entryName, DataDictionaryEntry entry,

             boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader = new DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader(object, entryName, entry);

         return validate(attributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     public void validate(String entryName, String attributeName, Object attributeValue) {

         validate(entryName, attributeName, attributeValue, true);

     }

     public void validate(String entryName, String attributeName, Object attributeValue, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         AttributeDefinition attributeDefinition =

                 getDataDictionaryService().getAttributeDefinition(entryName, attributeName);

         if (attributeDefinition == null) {

             // FIXME: JLR - this is what the code was doing effectively already, but seems weird not to throw an exception here if you try to validate

             // something that doesn't have an attribute definition

             return;

         }

         SingleAttributeValueReader attributeValueReader =

                 new SingleAttributeValueReader(attributeValue, entryName, attributeName, attributeDefinition);

         validate(attributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDocument(org.kuali.rice.krad.document.Document)

      */

     @Override

         public void validateDocument(Document document) {

         String documentEntryName = document.getDocumentHeader().getWorkflowDocument().getDocumentTypeName();

         validate(document, documentEntryName);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDocumentAttribute(org.kuali.rice.krad.document.Document,

      *      java.lang.String, java.lang.String)

      */

     @Override

         public void validateDocumentAttribute(Document document, String attributeName, String errorPrefix) {

         String documentEntryName = document.getDocumentHeader().getWorkflowDocument().getDocumentTypeName();

         validate(document, documentEntryName, attributeName, true);

     }

     public void validateDocumentAndUpdatableReferencesRecursively(Document document, int maxDepth,

             boolean validateRequired) {

         validateDocumentAndUpdatableReferencesRecursively(document, maxDepth, validateRequired, false);

     }

     public void validateDocumentAndUpdatableReferencesRecursively(Document document, int maxDepth, 

             boolean validateRequired, boolean chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName) {

         String documentEntryName = document.getDocumentHeader().getWorkflowDocument().getDocumentTypeName();

         validate(document, documentEntryName);

         if (maxDepth > 0) {

             validateUpdatabableReferencesRecursively(document, maxDepth - 1, validateRequired,

                     chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName, newIdentitySet());

         }

     }

     private void validateUpdatabableReferencesRecursively(BusinessObject businessObject, int maxDepth,

             boolean validateRequired, boolean chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName, Set<BusinessObject> processedBOs) {

         // if null or already processed, return

         if (ObjectUtils.isNull(businessObject) || processedBOs.contains(businessObject)) {

             return;

         }

         processedBOs.add(businessObject);  // add bo to list to prevent excessive looping

         Map<String, Class> references =

                 persistenceStructureService.listReferenceObjectFields(businessObject.getClass());

         for (String referenceName : references.keySet()) {

             if (persistenceStructureService.isReferenceUpdatable(businessObject.getClass(), referenceName)) {

                 Object referenceObj = ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(businessObject, referenceName);

                 if (ObjectUtils.isNull(referenceObj) || !(referenceObj instanceof PersistableBusinessObject)) {

                     continue;

                 }

                 BusinessObject referenceBusinessObject = (BusinessObject) referenceObj;

                 GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().addToErrorPath(referenceName);

                 validateBusinessObject(referenceBusinessObject, validateRequired);

                 if (maxDepth > 0) {

                     validateUpdatabableReferencesRecursively(referenceBusinessObject, maxDepth - 1, validateRequired,

                             chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName, processedBOs);

                 }

                 GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().removeFromErrorPath(referenceName);

             }

         }

         Map<String, Class> collections =

                 persistenceStructureService.listCollectionObjectTypes(businessObject.getClass());

         for (String collectionName : collections.keySet()) {

             if (persistenceStructureService.isCollectionUpdatable(businessObject.getClass(), collectionName)) {

                 Object listObj = ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(businessObject, collectionName);

                 if (ObjectUtils.isNull(listObj)) {

                     continue;

                 }

                 if (!(listObj instanceof List)) {

                     if (LOG.isInfoEnabled()) {

                         LOG.info("The reference named " + collectionName + " of BO class " +

                                 businessObject.getClass().getName() +

                                 " should be of type java.util.List to be validated properly.");

                     }

                     continue;

                 }

                 List list = (List) listObj;

                 //should we materialize the proxied collection or just skip validation here assuming an unmaterialized objects are valid?

                 ObjectUtils.materializeObjects(list);

                 for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {

                     final Object o = list.get(i);

                     if (ObjectUtils.isNotNull(o) && o instanceof PersistableBusinessObject) {

                         final BusinessObject element = (BusinessObject) o;

                         final String errorPathAddition;

                         if (chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName) {

                             errorPathAddition =

                                     StringUtils.chomp(collectionName, "s") + "[" + Integer.toString(i) + "]";

                         } else {

                             errorPathAddition = collectionName + "[" + Integer.toString(i) + "]";

                         }

                         GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().addToErrorPath(errorPathAddition);

                         validateBusinessObject(element, validateRequired);

                         if (maxDepth > 0) {

                             validateUpdatabableReferencesRecursively(element, maxDepth - 1, validateRequired,

                                     chompLastLetterSFromCollectionName, processedBOs);

                         }

                         GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().removeFromErrorPath(errorPathAddition);

                     }

                 }

             }

         }

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#isBusinessObjectValid(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject)

      */

     public boolean isBusinessObjectValid(BusinessObject businessObject) {

         return isBusinessObjectValid(businessObject, null);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#isBusinessObjectValid(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      String)

      */

     public boolean isBusinessObjectValid(BusinessObject businessObject, String prefix) {

         final MessageMap errorMap = GlobalVariables.getMessageMap();

         int originalErrorCount = errorMap.getErrorCount();

         errorMap.addToErrorPath(prefix);

         validateBusinessObject(businessObject);

         errorMap.removeFromErrorPath(prefix);

         return errorMap.getErrorCount() == originalErrorCount;

     }

     /**

      * @param businessObject - business object to validate

      */

     public void validateBusinessObjectsRecursively(BusinessObject businessObject, int depth) {

         if (ObjectUtils.isNull(businessObject)) {

             return;

         }

         // validate primitives and any specific bo validation

         validateBusinessObject(businessObject);

         // call method to recursively find business objects and validate

         validateBusinessObjectsFromDescriptors(businessObject,

                 PropertyUtils.getPropertyDescriptors(businessObject.getClass()), depth);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateBusinessObject(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject)

      */

     @Override

     public void validateBusinessObject(BusinessObject businessObject) {

         validateBusinessObject(businessObject, true);

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateBusinessObject(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      boolean)

      */

     @Override

     public void validateBusinessObject(BusinessObject businessObject, boolean validateRequired) {

         if (ObjectUtils.isNull(businessObject)) {

             return;

         }

         validate(businessObject, businessObject.getClass().getName());

     }

     /**

      * iterates through the property discriptors looking for business objects or lists of business objects. calls

      * validate method

      * for each bo found

      *

      * @param object

      * @param propertyDescriptors

      */

     protected void validateBusinessObjectsFromDescriptors(Object object, PropertyDescriptor[] propertyDescriptors,

             int depth) {

         for (PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor : propertyDescriptors) {

             // validate the properties that are descended from BusinessObject

             if (propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType() != null &&

                     PersistableBusinessObject.class.isAssignableFrom(propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType()) &&

                     ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(object, propertyDescriptor.getName()) != null) {

                 BusinessObject bo = (BusinessObject) ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(object, propertyDescriptor.getName());

                 if (depth == 0) {

                     GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().addToErrorPath(propertyDescriptor.getName());

                     validateBusinessObject(bo);

                     GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().removeFromErrorPath(propertyDescriptor.getName());

                 } else {

                     validateBusinessObjectsRecursively(bo, depth - 1);

                 }

             }

             /*

              * if property is a List, then walk the list and do the validation on each contained object that is a descendent of

              * BusinessObject

              */

             else if (propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType() != null &&

                     (List.class).isAssignableFrom(propertyDescriptor.getPropertyType()) &&

                     ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(object, propertyDescriptor.getName()) != null) {

                 List propertyList = (List) ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(object, propertyDescriptor.getName());

                 for (int j = 0; j < propertyList.size(); j++) {

                     if (propertyList.get(j) != null && propertyList.get(j) instanceof PersistableBusinessObject) {

                         if (depth == 0) {

                             GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().addToErrorPath(

                                     StringUtils.chomp(propertyDescriptor.getName(), "s") + "[" +

                                             (new Integer(j)).toString() + "]");

                             validateBusinessObject((BusinessObject) propertyList.get(j));

                             GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().removeFromErrorPath(

                                     StringUtils.chomp(propertyDescriptor.getName(), "s") + "[" +

                                             (new Integer(j)).toString() + "]");

                         } else {

                             validateBusinessObjectsRecursively((BusinessObject) propertyList.get(j), depth - 1);

                         }

                     }

                 }

             }

         }

     }

     /**

      * calls validate format and required check for the given propertyDescriptor

      *

      * @param entryName

      * @param object

      * @param propertyDescriptor

      * @param errorPrefix

      * @deprecated since 1.1

      */

     @Deprecated

     public void validatePrimitiveFromDescriptor(String entryName, Object object, PropertyDescriptor propertyDescriptor,

             String errorPrefix, boolean validateRequired) {

         // validate the primitive attributes if defined in the dictionary

         if (null != propertyDescriptor) {

             validate(object, entryName, propertyDescriptor.getName(), validateRequired);

         }

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceExists(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.ReferenceDefinition)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceExists(BusinessObject bo, ReferenceDefinition reference) {

         return validateReferenceExists(bo, reference.getAttributeName());

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceExists(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      java.lang.String)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceExists(BusinessObject bo, String referenceName) {

         // attempt to retrieve the specified object from the db

         BusinessObject referenceBo = businessObjectService.getReferenceIfExists(bo, referenceName);

         // if it isn't there, then it doesn't exist, return false

         if (ObjectUtils.isNotNull(referenceBo)) {

             return true;

         }

         // otherwise, it is there, return true

         return false;

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceIsActive(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.ReferenceDefinition)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceIsActive(BusinessObject bo, ReferenceDefinition reference) {

         return validateReferenceIsActive(bo, reference.getAttributeName());

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceIsActive(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      java.lang.String, java.lang.String, boolean)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceIsActive(BusinessObject bo, String referenceName) {

         // attempt to retrieve the specified object from the db

         BusinessObject referenceBo = businessObjectService.getReferenceIfExists(bo, referenceName);

         if (referenceBo == null) {

             return false;

         }

         if (!(referenceBo instanceof MutableInactivatable) || ((MutableInactivatable) referenceBo).isActive()) {

             return true;

         }

         return false;

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      org.kuali.rice.krad.datadictionary.ReferenceDefinition)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(BusinessObject bo, ReferenceDefinition reference) {

         boolean success = true;

         // intelligently use the fieldname from the reference, or get it out

         // of the dataDictionaryService

         String displayFieldName;

         if (reference.isDisplayFieldNameSet()) {

             displayFieldName = reference.getDisplayFieldName();

         } else {

             Class<?> boClass =

                     reference.isCollectionReference() ? reference.getCollectionBusinessObjectClass() : bo.getClass();

             displayFieldName =

                     dataDictionaryService.getAttributeLabel(boClass, reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail());

         }

         if (reference.isCollectionReference()) {

             success = validateCollectionReferenceExistsAndIsActive(bo, reference, displayFieldName,

                     StringUtils.split(reference.getCollection(), "."), null);

         } else {

             success = validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(bo, reference.getAttributeName(),

                     reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail(), displayFieldName);

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * @param bo the object to get the collection from

      * @param reference the <code>ReferenceDefinition</code> of the collection to validate

      * @param displayFieldName the name of the field

      * @param intermediateCollections array containing the path to the collection as tokens

      * @param pathToAttribute the rebuilt path to the ReferenceDefinition.attributeToHighlightOnFail which includes the

      * index of

      * each subcollection

      * @return

      */

     private boolean validateCollectionReferenceExistsAndIsActive(BusinessObject bo, ReferenceDefinition reference,

             String displayFieldName, String[] intermediateCollections, String pathToAttributeI) {

         boolean success = true;

         Collection<PersistableBusinessObject> referenceCollection;

         String collectionName = intermediateCollections[0];

         // remove current collection from intermediates

         intermediateCollections = (String[]) ArrayUtils.removeElement(intermediateCollections, collectionName);

         try {

             referenceCollection = (Collection) PropertyUtils.getProperty(bo, collectionName);

         } catch (Exception e) {

             throw new RuntimeException(e);

         }

         int pos = 0;

         Iterator<PersistableBusinessObject> iterator = referenceCollection.iterator();

         while (iterator.hasNext()) {

             String pathToAttribute =

                     StringUtils.defaultString(pathToAttributeI) + collectionName + "[" + (pos++) + "].";

             // keep drilling down until we reach the nested collection we want

             if (intermediateCollections.length > 0) {

                 success &= validateCollectionReferenceExistsAndIsActive(iterator.next(), reference, displayFieldName,

                         intermediateCollections, pathToAttribute);

             } else {

                 String attributeToHighlightOnFail = pathToAttribute + reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail();

                 success &= validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(iterator.next(), reference.getAttributeName(),

                         attributeToHighlightOnFail, displayFieldName);

             }

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      java.lang.String, java.lang.String, boolean, boolean, java.lang.String, java.lang.String)

      */

     public boolean validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(BusinessObject bo, String referenceName,

             String attributeToHighlightOnFail, String displayFieldName) {

         // if we're dealing with a nested attribute, we need to resolve down to the BO where the primitive attribute is located

         // this is primarily to deal with the case of a defaultExistenceCheck that uses an "extension", i.e referenceName

         // would be extension.attributeName

         if (ObjectUtils.isNestedAttribute(referenceName)) {

             String nestedAttributePrefix = ObjectUtils.getNestedAttributePrefix(referenceName);

             String nestedAttributePrimitive = ObjectUtils.getNestedAttributePrimitive(referenceName);

             Object nestedObject = ObjectUtils.getPropertyValue(bo, nestedAttributePrefix);

             if (!(nestedObject instanceof BusinessObject)) {

                 throw new ObjectNotABusinessObjectRuntimeException(

                         "Attribute requested (" + nestedAttributePrefix + ") is of class: " + "'" +

                                 nestedObject.getClass().getName() + "' and is not a " +

                                 "descendent of BusinessObject.");

             }

             return validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive((BusinessObject) nestedObject, nestedAttributePrimitive,

                     attributeToHighlightOnFail, displayFieldName);

         }

         boolean success = true;

         boolean exists;

         boolean active;

         boolean fkFieldsPopulated = true;

         // need to check for DD relationship FKs

         List<String> fkFields =

                 getDataDictionaryService().getRelationshipSourceAttributes(bo.getClass().getName(), referenceName);

         if (fkFields != null) {

             for (String fkFieldName : fkFields) {

                 Object fkFieldValue = null;

                 try {

                     fkFieldValue = PropertyUtils.getProperty(bo, fkFieldName);

                 }

                 // if we cant retrieve the field value, then

                 // it doesnt have a value

                 catch (IllegalAccessException e) {

                     fkFieldsPopulated = false;

                 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {

                     fkFieldsPopulated = false;

                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

                     fkFieldsPopulated = false;

                 }

                 // test the value

                 if (fkFieldValue == null) {

                     fkFieldsPopulated = false;

                 } else if (String.class.isAssignableFrom(fkFieldValue.getClass())) {

                     if (StringUtils.isBlank((String) fkFieldValue)) {

                         fkFieldsPopulated = false;

                     }

                 }

             }

         } else if (bo instanceof PersistableBusinessObject) { // if no DD relationship exists, check the persistence service

             fkFieldsPopulated = persistenceService

                     .allForeignKeyValuesPopulatedForReference((PersistableBusinessObject) bo, referenceName);

         }

         // only bother if all the fk fields have values

         if (fkFieldsPopulated) {

             // do the existence test

             exists = validateReferenceExists(bo, referenceName);

             if (exists) {

                 // do the active test, if appropriate

                 if (!(bo instanceof MutableInactivatable) || ((MutableInactivatable) bo).isActive()) {

                     active = validateReferenceIsActive(bo, referenceName);

                     if (!active) {

                         GlobalVariables.getMessageMap()

                                 .putError(attributeToHighlightOnFail, RiceKeyConstants.ERROR_INACTIVE,

                                         displayFieldName);

                         success &= false;

                     }

                 }

             } else {

                 GlobalVariables.getMessageMap()

                         .putError(attributeToHighlightOnFail, RiceKeyConstants.ERROR_EXISTENCE, displayFieldName);

                 success &= false;

             }

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDefaultExistenceChecks(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject)

      */

     public boolean validateDefaultExistenceChecks(BusinessObject bo) {

         boolean success = true;

         // get a collection of all the referenceDefinitions setup for this object

         Collection references = getDocumentDictionaryService().getDefaultExistenceChecks(bo.getClass());

         // walk through the references, doing the tests on each

         for (Iterator iter = references.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {

             ReferenceDefinition reference = (ReferenceDefinition) iter.next();

             // do the existence and validation testing

             success &= validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(bo, reference);

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDefaultExistenceChecksForNewCollectionItem(org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject,

      *      org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.BusinessObject, java.lang.String)

      */

     public boolean validateDefaultExistenceChecksForNewCollectionItem(BusinessObject bo,

             BusinessObject newCollectionItem, String collectionName) {

         boolean success = true;

         if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(collectionName)) {

             // get a collection of all the referenceDefinitions setup for this object

             Collection references = getDocumentDictionaryService().getDefaultExistenceChecks(bo.getClass());

             // walk through the references, doing the tests on each

             for (Iterator iter = references.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {

                 ReferenceDefinition reference = (ReferenceDefinition) iter.next();

                 if (collectionName != null && collectionName.equals(reference.getCollection())) {

                     String displayFieldName;

                     if (reference.isDisplayFieldNameSet()) {

                         displayFieldName = reference.getDisplayFieldName();

                     } else {

                         Class boClass =

                                 reference.isCollectionReference() ? reference.getCollectionBusinessObjectClass() :

                                         bo.getClass();

                         displayFieldName = dataDictionaryService

                                 .getAttributeLabel(boClass, reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail());

                     }

                     success &= validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(newCollectionItem, reference.getAttributeName(),

                             reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail(), displayFieldName);

                 }

             }

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * This overridden method ...

      *

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDefaultExistenceChecksForTransDoc(org.kuali.rice.krad.document.TransactionalDocument)

      */

     public boolean validateDefaultExistenceChecksForTransDoc(TransactionalDocument document) {

         boolean success = true;

         // get a collection of all the referenceDefinitions setup for this object

         Collection references = getDocumentDictionaryService().getDefaultExistenceChecks(document);

         // walk through the references, doing the tests on each

         for (Iterator iter = references.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {

             ReferenceDefinition reference = (ReferenceDefinition) iter.next();

             // do the existence and validation testing

             success &= validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(document, reference);

         }

         return success;

     }

     /**

      * This overridden method ...

      *

      * @see org.kuali.rice.krad.service.DictionaryValidationService#validateDefaultExistenceChecksForNewCollectionItem(org.kuali.rice.krad.document.TransactionalDocument,

      *      org.kuali.rice.krad.bo.PersistableBusinessObject)

      */

     public boolean validateDefaultExistenceChecksForNewCollectionItem(TransactionalDocument document,

             BusinessObject newCollectionItem, String collectionName) {

         boolean success = true;

         if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(collectionName)) {

             // get a collection of all the referenceDefinitions setup for this object

             Collection references = getDocumentDictionaryService().getDefaultExistenceChecks(document);

             // walk through the references, doing the tests on each

             for (Iterator iter = references.iterator(); iter.hasNext(); ) {

                 ReferenceDefinition reference = (ReferenceDefinition) iter.next();

                 if (collectionName != null && collectionName.equals(reference.getCollection())) {

                     String displayFieldName;

                     if (reference.isDisplayFieldNameSet()) {

                         displayFieldName = reference.getDisplayFieldName();

                     } else {

                         Class boClass =

                                 reference.isCollectionReference() ? reference.getCollectionBusinessObjectClass() :

                                         document.getClass();

                         displayFieldName = dataDictionaryService

                                 .getAttributeLabel(boClass, reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail());

                     }

                     success &= validateReferenceExistsAndIsActive(newCollectionItem, reference.getAttributeName(),

                             reference.getAttributeToHighlightOnFail(), displayFieldName);

                 }

             }

         }

         return success;

     }

     /*

     * 1.1 validation methods

     */

     /*

       * This is the top-level validation method for all attribute value readers

       */

     public DictionaryValidationResult validate(AttributeValueReader valueReader, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         DictionaryValidationResult result = new DictionaryValidationResult();

         if (valueReader.getAttributeName() == null) {

             validateObject(result, valueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

         } else {

             validateAttribute(result, valueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

         }

         if (result.getNumberOfErrors() > 0) {

             for (Iterator<ConstraintValidationResult> iterator = result.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {

                 ConstraintValidationResult constraintValidationResult = iterator.next();

                 if (constraintValidationResult.getStatus().getLevel() >= ErrorLevel.WARN.getLevel())

                     setFieldError(constraintValidationResult.getEntryName(),

                             constraintValidationResult.getAttributeName(), constraintValidationResult.getErrorKey(),

                             constraintValidationResult.getErrorParameters());

             }

         }

         return result;

     }

     private void processElementConstraints(DictionaryValidationResult result, Object value, Constrainable definition,

             AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         processConstraints(result, elementConstraintProcessors, value, definition, attributeValueReader,

                 doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     private void processCollectionConstraints(DictionaryValidationResult result, Collection<?> collection,

             Constrainable definition, AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         processConstraints(result, collectionConstraintProcessors, collection, definition, attributeValueReader,

                 doOptionalProcessing);

     }

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     private void processConstraints(DictionaryValidationResult result,

             List<? extends ConstraintProcessor> constraintProcessors, Object value, Constrainable definition,

             AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader, boolean doOptionalProcessing) {

         //TODO: Implement custom validators

         if (constraintProcessors != null) {

             Constrainable selectedDefinition = definition;

             AttributeValueReader selectedAttributeValueReader = attributeValueReader;

             // First - take the constrainable definition and get its constraints

             Queue<Constraint> constraintQueue = new LinkedList<Constraint>();

             // Using a for loop to iterate through constraint processors because ordering is important

             for (ConstraintProcessor<Object, Constraint> processor : constraintProcessors) {

                 // Let the calling method opt out of any optional processing

                 if (!doOptionalProcessing && processor.isOptional()) {

                     result.addSkipped(attributeValueReader, processor.getName());

                     continue;

                 }

                 Class<? extends Constraint> constraintType = processor.getConstraintType();

                 // Add all of the constraints for this constraint type for all providers to the queue

                 for (ConstraintProvider constraintProvider : constraintProviders) {

                     if (constraintProvider.isSupported(selectedDefinition)) {

                         Collection<Constraint> constraintList =

                                 constraintProvider.getConstraints(selectedDefinition, constraintType);

                         if (constraintList != null)

                             constraintQueue.addAll(constraintList);

                     }

                 }

                 // If there are no constraints provided for this definition, then just skip it

                 if (constraintQueue.isEmpty()) {

                     result.addSkipped(attributeValueReader, processor.getName());

                     continue;

                 }

                 Collection<Constraint> additionalConstraints = new LinkedList<Constraint>();

                 // This loop is functionally identical to a for loop, but it has the advantage of letting us keep the queue around

                 // and populate it with any new constraints contributed by the processor

                 while (!constraintQueue.isEmpty()) {

                     Constraint constraint = constraintQueue.poll();

                     // If this constraint is not one that this process handles, then skip and add to the queue for the next processor;

                     // obviously this would be redundant (we're only looking at constraints that this processor can process) except that

                     // the previous processor might have stuck a new constraint (or constraints) on the queue

                     if (!constraintType.isInstance(constraint)) {

                         result.addSkipped(attributeValueReader, processor.getName());

                         additionalConstraints.add(constraint);

                         continue;

                     }

                     ProcessorResult processorResult =

                             processor.process(result, value, constraint, selectedAttributeValueReader);

                     Collection<Constraint> processorResultContraints = processorResult.getConstraints();

                     if (processorResultContraints != null && processorResultContraints.size() > 0)

                         additionalConstraints.addAll(processorResultContraints);

                     // Change the selected definition to whatever was returned from the processor

                     if (processorResult.isDefinitionProvided())

                         selectedDefinition = processorResult.getDefinition();

                     // Change the selected attribute value reader to whatever was returned from the processor

                     if (processorResult.isAttributeValueReaderProvided())

                         selectedAttributeValueReader = processorResult.getAttributeValueReader();

                 }

                 // After iterating through all the constraints for this processor, add additional constraints for following processors

                 constraintQueue.addAll(additionalConstraints);

             }

         }

     }

     private void setFieldError(String entryName, String attributeName, String key, String... args) {

         if (getDataDictionaryService() == null)

             return;

         String errorLabel = getDataDictionaryService().getAttributeErrorLabel(entryName, attributeName);

         // FIXME: There's got to be a cleaner way of doing this.

         List<String> list = new LinkedList<String>();

         list.add(errorLabel);

         list.addAll(Arrays.asList(args));

         String[] array = new String[list.size()];

         array = list.toArray(array);

         GlobalVariables.getMessageMap().putError(attributeName, key, array);

     }

     private void validateAttribute(DictionaryValidationResult result, AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader,

             boolean checkIfRequired) throws AttributeValidationException {

         Constrainable definition = attributeValueReader.getDefinition(attributeValueReader.getAttributeName());

         validateAttribute(result, definition, attributeValueReader, checkIfRequired);

     }

     private void validateAttribute(DictionaryValidationResult result, Constrainable definition,

             AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader, boolean checkIfRequired) throws AttributeValidationException {

         if (definition == null)

             throw new AttributeValidationException(

                     "Unable to validate constraints for attribute \"" + attributeValueReader.getAttributeName() +

                             "\" on entry \"" + attributeValueReader.getEntryName() +

                             "\" because no attribute definition can be found.");

         Object value = attributeValueReader.getValue();

         processElementConstraints(result, value, definition, attributeValueReader, checkIfRequired);

     }

     private void validateObject(DictionaryValidationResult result, AttributeValueReader attributeValueReader,

             boolean doOptionalProcessing) throws AttributeValidationException {

         // If the entry itself is constrainable then the attribute value reader will return it here and we'll need to check if it has any constraints

         //FIXME: WJG - Do we want to make entry be constrainable?

         Constrainable objectEntry = attributeValueReader.getEntry();

         processElementConstraints(result, attributeValueReader.getObject(), objectEntry, attributeValueReader,

                 doOptionalProcessing);

         List<Constrainable> definitions = attributeValueReader.getDefinitions();

         // Exit if the attribute value reader has no child definitions

         if (null == definitions)

             return;

         //Process all attribute definitions

         for (Constrainable definition : definitions) {

             String attributeName = definition.getName();

             attributeValueReader.setAttributeName(attributeName);

             Object value = attributeValueReader.getValue(attributeName);

             processElementConstraints(result, value, definition, attributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

         }

         //Process any constraints that may be defined on complex attributes

         if (objectEntry instanceof DataDictionaryEntryBase) {

             List<ComplexAttributeDefinition> complexAttrDefinitions =

                     ((DataDictionaryEntryBase) objectEntry).getComplexAttributes();

             if (complexAttrDefinitions != null) {

                 for (ComplexAttributeDefinition complexAttrDefinition : complexAttrDefinitions) {

                     DataDictionaryEntry childEntry = complexAttrDefinition.getDataObjectEntry();

                     String attributeName = complexAttrDefinition.getName();

                     attributeValueReader.setAttributeName(attributeName);

                     Object value = attributeValueReader.getValue();

                     if (value != null) {

                         AttributeValueReader nestedAttributeValueReader =

                                 new DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader(value, childEntry.getFullClassName(),

                                         childEntry, attributeValueReader.getPath());

                         validateObject(result, nestedAttributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

                     }

                     processElementConstraints(result, value, complexAttrDefinition, attributeValueReader,

                             doOptionalProcessing);

                 }

             }

         }

         //FIXME: I think we may want to use a new CollectionConstrainable interface instead to obtain from

         //DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader

         DataObjectEntry entry = (DataObjectEntry) attributeValueReader.getEntry();

         if (entry != null) {

             for (CollectionDefinition collectionDefinition : entry.getCollections()) {

                 //TODO: Do we need to be able to handle simple collections (ie. String, etc)

                 String childEntryName = collectionDefinition.getDataObjectClass();

                 String attributeName = collectionDefinition.getName();

                 attributeValueReader.setAttributeName(attributeName);

                 Collection<?> collectionObject = attributeValueReader.getValue();

                 DataDictionaryEntry childEntry = childEntryName != null ?

                         getDataDictionaryService().getDataDictionary().getDictionaryObjectEntry(childEntryName) : null;

                 if (collectionObject != null) {

                     for (Object value : collectionObject) {

                         //FIXME: It's inefficient to be creating new attribute reader for each item in collection

                         AttributeValueReader nestedAttributeValueReader =

                                 new DictionaryObjectAttributeValueReader(value, childEntryName, childEntry,

                                         attributeValueReader.getPath());

                         validateObject(result, nestedAttributeValueReader, doOptionalProcessing);

                     }

                 }

                 processCollectionConstraints(result, collectionObject, collectionDefinition, attributeValueReader,

                         doOptionalProcessing);

             }

         }

     }

     /**

      * @return Returns the dataDictionaryService.

      */

     public DataDictionaryService getDataDictionaryService() {

         return dataDictionaryService;

     }

     /**

      * @param dataDictionaryService The dataDictionaryService to set.

      */

     public void setDataDictionaryService(DataDictionaryService dataDictionaryService) {

         this.dataDictionaryService = dataDictionaryService;

     }

     /**

      * Sets the businessObjectService attribute value.

      *

      * @param businessObjectService The businessObjectService to set.

      */

     public void setBusinessObjectService(BusinessObjectService businessObjectService) {

         this.businessObjectService = businessObjectService;

     }

     /**

      * Sets the persistenceService attribute value.

      *

      * @param persistenceService The persistenceService to set.

      */

     public void setPersistenceService(PersistenceService persistenceService) {

         this.persistenceService = persistenceService;

     }

     public void setPersistenceStructureService(PersistenceStructureService persistenceStructureService) {

         this.persistenceStructureService = persistenceStructureService;

     }

     protected WorkflowAttributePropertyResolutionService getWorkflowAttributePropertyResolutionService() {

         if (workflowAttributePropertyResolutionService == null) {

             workflowAttributePropertyResolutionService =

                     KRADServiceLocatorInternal.getWorkflowAttributePropertyResolutionService();

         }

         return workflowAttributePropertyResolutionService;

     }

     /**

      * @return the collectionConstraintProcessors

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public List<CollectionConstraintProcessor> getCollectionConstraintProcessors() {

         return this.collectionConstraintProcessors;

     }

     /**

      * @param collectionConstraintProcessors the collectionConstraintProcessors to set

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public void setCollectionConstraintProcessors(List<CollectionConstraintProcessor> collectionConstraintProcessors) {

         this.collectionConstraintProcessors = collectionConstraintProcessors;

     }

     /**

      * @return the constraintProviders

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public List<ConstraintProvider> getConstraintProviders() {

         return this.constraintProviders;

     }

     /**

      * @param constraintProviders the constraintProviders to set

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public void setConstraintProviders(List<ConstraintProvider> constraintProviders) {

         this.constraintProviders = constraintProviders;

     }

     /**

      * @return the elementConstraintProcessors

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public List<ConstraintProcessor> getElementConstraintProcessors() {

         return this.elementConstraintProcessors;

     }

     /**

      * @param elementConstraintProcessors the elementConstraintProcessors to set

      */

     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")

     public void setElementConstraintProcessors(List<ConstraintProcessor> elementConstraintProcessors) {

         this.elementConstraintProcessors = elementConstraintProcessors;

     }

     public DocumentDictionaryService getDocumentDictionaryService() {

         if (documentDictionaryService == null) {

             this.documentDictionaryService = KRADServiceLocatorWeb.getDocumentDictionaryService();

         }

         return documentDictionaryService;

     }

     public void setDocumentDictionaryService(DocumentDictionaryService documentDictionaryService) {

         this.documentDictionaryService = documentDictionaryService;

     }

 }